The subject of major crops and their producing states holds significant importance in competitive exams, making it a crucial topic for study. To aid your preparation, below is a compilation of the most important crops along with the states where they are primarily cultivated.
Agriculture stands as India's foremost source of income and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Here is a “List of Major Crops and Producing States in India” that can come in handy for competitive exams such as UPSC Prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways, among others. If you are preparing for competitive exams and are looking for expert guidance, you can check out our daily FREE Current Affairs.
Major Crops and the Producing States in India
The list of major crops and their producing states in India is as follows:| Cereals |
Wheat | Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana |
| Rice | West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Tamil Nadu | |
| Gram | Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu | |
| Barley | Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan | |
| Bajra | Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan | |
| Cash Crops | Sugarcane | Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra |
| Poppy | Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh | |
| Oil Seeds |
Coconut | Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
| Linseed | Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh | |
| Groundnut | Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu | |
| Rape & Mustard | Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh | |
| Sesame | Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan | |
| Sunflower | Maharashtra and Karnataka | |
| Fibre Crops |
Cotton | Maharashtra and Gujarat |
| Jute | West Bengal and Bihar | |
| Silk | Karnataka and Kerala | |
| Hemp | Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh | |
| Plantations |
Coffee | Karnataka and Kerala |
| Rubber | Kerala and Karnataka | |
| Tea | Assam and Kerala | |
| Tobacco | Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh | |
| Spices |
Pepper | Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu |
| Cashew Nuts | Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh | |
| Ginger | Kerala and Uttar Pradesh | |
| Turmeric | Andhra Pradesh & Odisha |
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All about Wheat Crop
Wheat is farmed primarily in India's northern provinces, with Uttar Pradesh leading the way with a total production of 25.22 million tonnes, followed by Punjab (15.78 MT), and Madhya Pradesh (15.78 MT) (14.18 MT). It's noteworthy to note that, despite being India's top wheat producer and having the most wheat-growing land (9.85 million hectares), Uttar Pradesh's productivity (2561 kg/hectare) is still lower than the national average. However, Punjab outperforms all other states in terms of productivity, with 4491 kg/hectare!
Wheat crops are typically planted from September to December in various Indian states, depending on the environment, and harvested from February to May, again depending on the climate and the time of seeding. The ideal temperature for sowing is a winter temperature of 10°C-15°C and a summer temperature of 21°C-26°C. Low temperatures are required for seeding, but higher temperatures are required for good ripening of Wheat during harvest.
All about Cash Crops in India
- The cotton plant is thought to have originated in India.
- It's also one of the country's most important industrial crops.
- Cotton grows well in the drier areas of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. It grows well in alluvial and red soils.
- For its growth, it requires a high temperature (20-35°C), light rainfall (50 to 80cm) or irrigation, 210 frost-free days, and bright sunlight. During the picking season, a clear sky is essential.
- It's a Kharif crop that takes 6-8 months to fully develop.
Example of Fibre Crop
Jute is a long, silky, and lustrous vegetable fiber.Jute fibers have long been a part of West Bengal's and some parts of Bangladesh's culture. The major constituents are cellulose and lignin. As a result, it's also known as lingo-cellulosic fibre. It is one of the most cost-effective natural fibers and has a wide range of applications. Jute bags, sacks, coarse clothing, slippers, curtains, chairs, carpets, tables, and floor mats, among other things, are made from it.
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